In this article, we will look at how Zustand uses useSyncExternalStoreExports in its [source code.]

useSyncExternalStoreExports is imported from use-sync-external-store/shim/with-selector. use-sync-external-store is a backwards-compatible shim for React.useSyncExternalStore Works with any React that supports Hooks.

Reading the above sentence, you might be wondering what a useSyncExternalStore.

useSyncExternalStore

useSyncExternalStore is a React Hook that lets you subscribe to an external store.

const snapshot = useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, getSnapshot, getServerSnapshot?)

Use the useSyncExternalStore to read a value from external store that can be:

1. Third-party state management libraries that hold state outside of React.

2. Browser APIs that expose a mutable value and events to subscribe to its changes.

Example usage:

import { useSyncExternalStore } from 'react';
import { todosStore } from './todoStore.js';

function TodosApp() {
  const todos = useSyncExternalStore(todosStore.subscribe, todosStore.getSnapshot);
  // ...
}

The above example is picked from React docs.

useSyncExternalStore Usage In Zustand:

Zustand uses useSyncExternalStore in src/traditional.ts.

import ReactExports from 'react'
// eslint-disable-next-line import/extensions
import useSyncExternalStoreExports from 'use-sync-external-store/shim/with-selector'
import { createStore } from './vanilla.ts'
import type {
  Mutate,
  StateCreator,
  StoreApi,
  StoreMutatorIdentifier,
} from './vanilla.ts'

const { useDebugValue } = ReactExports
const { useSyncExternalStoreWithSelector } = useSyncExternalStoreExports

useSyncExternalStoreWithSelector is de-structured from useSyncExternalStoreExports and this is used in useStoreWithEqualityFn.

export function useStoreWithEqualityFn(
  api: ReadonlyStoreApi,
  selector: (state: TState) => StateSlice = identity as any,
  equalityFn?: (a: StateSlice, b: StateSlice) => boolean,
) {
  const slice = useSyncExternalStoreWithSelector(
    api.subscribe,
    api.getState,
    api.getInitialState,
    selector,
    equalityFn,
  )
  useDebugValue(slice)
  return slice
}

useSyncExternalStoreWithSelector has api.subscribe, api.getState, api.getInitialState, selector and equalityFn.

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References:

1. https://github.com/pmndrs/zustand/blob/main/src/traditional.ts#L44

2. https://www.npmjs.com/package/use-sync-external-store

3. https://legacy.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usesyncexternalstore

4. https://react.dev/reference/react/useSyncExternalStore

5. https://github.com/reactwg/react-18/discussions/86